Seminar: Transcending the Limits of Astrostatistics with Machine Learning Methods

ABSTRACT

Recent advancements in astronomical instrumentation have led to an unprecedented influx of data, revolutionizing the field of astronomy. However, the inherent complexity and multi-dimensionality of astronomical observations, ranging from intricate imaging of weak lensing, reionization, and protoplanetary disks to the comprehensive analysis of galaxy mergers across cosmic history, pose significant challenges to traditional astrostatistical methods. In this colloquium, I will discuss two distinct machine learning approaches aimed at tackling these complex astronomical systems. First, I will explore the Mathematics of Information, focusing on how machine learning can optimize information compression and extract higher-order moments in stochastic processes. Second, I will introduce a Generative paradigm, demonstrating how generative models, such as normalizing flows and diffusion models, enable precise modeling of astronomical datasets, facilitating accurate inferences on intricate astronomical systems. By leveraging these cutting-edge machine learning techniques, we can transcend the limitations of conventional astrostatistics, furthering making inferences on complex astronomical systems.

BIOGRAPHY

Yuan-Sen is an Associate Professor of astronomy and computer science at the Australian National University and an Associate Professor of astronomy at the Ohio State University. His research focuses on applying machine learning techniques to enhance statistical inferences using large astronomical survey data. A native of Malaysia, Yuan-Sen earned his PhD in astronomy and astrophysics from Harvard University in 2017. Upon graduation, he was awarded a four-way joint postdoctoral fellowship from Princeton University, the Carnegie Institute for Sciences, NASA, and the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, prior to assuming faculty positions first in Australia. Yuan-Sen has received numerous honors, including the Humboldt Fellowship, the Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship, NASA Hubble Fellowship, NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship and recognition as an AURA Future Leader. Yuan-Sen also serves as the co-chair of the NASA Cosmic Programs Stars Science Interest Group.